What design category is characterized by cells arranged in a line with a centralized point of observation?

The design category characterized by cells arranged in a line with a centralized point of observation is Linear Design. This type of design facilitates systematic monitoring and control of inmates, as it allows staff to observe multiple cells from a single vantage point. In a linear design, the layout typically involves a long corridor with cells on either side, which promotes efficiency in movement for both inmates and staff while enhancing security.

This design is traditionally used in correctional facilities because it aligns well with the principle of supervision, allowing staff to maintain oversight and respond quickly to situations as they arise. Each cell being in direct line of sight aids in both safety and management of the facility, indicating the effectiveness of this layout in terms of operational functionality.

The other design categories mentioned, such as centralized design, podular design, and direct supervision design, emphasize different aspects of monitoring and inmate interaction, but do not specifically align with the linear arrangement of cells described in the question.