What term describes when a public servant violates a law to benefit or harm another person?

The term that describes when a public servant violates a law to benefit or harm another person is "Abuse of Official Capacity." This concept refers specifically to situations where an official uses their position and authority inappropriately, often resulting in an unfair advantage or disadvantage to the individuals involved. Such actions undermine the public trust and the integrity of public service, as they often involve exercising power in a manner that is unethical or illegal.

While other terms, such as "Official Oppression" and "Misconduct in Office," do relate to improper conduct by officials, "Abuse of Official Capacity" specifically emphasizes the misuse of authority for personal benefit or to inflict harm on others. This connection to benefiting or harming individuals is a key characteristic that clearly defines this term within the context of public service ethics and law. Understanding this distinction is crucial for recognizing the various types of wrongdoing that can occur within government agencies and the appropriate measures that should be taken to address such behavior.