What term generally refers to groups of people with common ancestry and physical characteristics?

The term that refers to groups of people with common ancestry and physical characteristics is "race." This concept is primarily based on perceived shared physical traits such as skin color, facial features, and hair texture, which are often used to categorize individuals into different groups. Race is a socially constructed classification that has historically held significant social implications, influencing people's experiences and identities.

When we contrast race with ethnicity, it is important to note that ethnicity encompasses additional elements such as cultural practices, language, and shared historical experiences. So while elements of ancestry and physical characteristics are central to the concept of race, ethnicity would include the various cultural factors that differentiate groups beyond mere physical traits.