Which two types of examination are primarily used by attorneys in courtroom settings?

The correct answer highlights the two key types of examination utilized by attorneys during courtroom proceedings: direct examination and cross-examination.

Direct examination is the process through which a party calls their own witnesses and questions them to elicit evidence that supports their case. The goal here is to introduce and establish facts that favor the attorney’s argument. During this phase, leading questions, which suggest their own answer, are not permitted, allowing witnesses to provide their accounts freely and directly.

Cross-examination, on the other hand, occurs after the direct examination and involves questioning the opposing party’s witnesses. This phase is crucial for challenging the credibility and reliability of the witness's testimony, aiming to uncover inconsistencies or biases. Attorneys can use leading questions in this context to control the dialogue and guide responses.

Together, these forms of examination are foundational in presenting and countering evidence effectively during trials, ensuring both sides have the opportunity to put forth their narratives and discredit the opponent's case. The other provided options, such as indirect examination or terminology like primary and secondary, do not accurately describe the standard practices recognized in courtroom settings for witness questioning.